{"elementGlobalId":100052,"circumscripConfidence":{"id":1,"circumscripConfidenceDescEn":"1 - Strong","circumscripConfidenceDescEs":"1 - Fuerte","circumscripConfidenceDescFr":"1 – Forte"},"classificationLevel":{"id":7,"classificationLevelNameEn":"Species","classificationLevelNameEs":"Especies","classificationLevelNameFr":"Espèce"},"classificationStatus":{"id":1,"classificationStatusDescEn":"Standard","classificationStatusDescEs":"Estándar","classificationStatusDescFr":"Standard"},"iucn":{"id":11,"iucnDescEn":"Least concern","iucnDescEs":"Menos preocupante","iucnDescFr":"Moins préoccupante","iucnCode":"LC"},"nameCategory":{"id":1,"nameCategoryDescEn":"Vertebrate Animal","nameCategoryDescEs":"Animal vertebrado","nameCategoryDescFr":"Animal vertébré","nameTypeCd":"A","nameTypeDesc":"Zoological"},"rankMethodUsed":null,"formattedScientificName":"<i>Crotalus scutulatus</i>","scientificName":"Crotalus scutulatus","scientificNameAuthor":"(Kennicott, 1861)","primaryCommonName":"Mohave Rattlesnake","relatedItisNames":"<i>Crotalus scutulatus</i> (Kennicott, 1861) (TSN 174317)","uniqueId":"ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.100052","elcode":"ARADE02100","conceptRefFullCitation":"Pyron, R. A., F. T. Burbrink, and J. J. Wiens. 2013. A phylogeny and revised classification of Squamata, including 4161 species of lizards and snakes. BMC Evolutionary Biology 29:131.","conceptName":"<i>Crotalus scutulatus</i>","taxonomicComments":"The spelling of the word \"Mojave\" or \"Mohave\" has been a subject of debate. Lowe, in the preface to his Venomous Reptiles of Arizona (1986), argued for \"Mohave\" as did Campbell and Lamar (2004). According to linguistic experts on Native American languages, either spelling is correct, but using either the \"j\" or \"h\" is based on whether the word is used in a Spanish or English context. Given that this is an English names list, Crother (2017) use the \"h\" spelling (P. Munro, Linguistics, UCLA, pers. comm.). Jones (2016) argued that the spelling should be with \"j\" but the committee was not convinced and voted to continue to spell it as Mohave (Crother 2017).<br /><br />The traditional view of rattlesnake taxonomy that recognizes the two monophyletic sister genera <i>Crotalus </i>and <i>Sistrurus </i>(e.g. Brattstrom 1964) has recently been challenged. Stille (1987) and McCranie (1988) presented data that suggested <i>Sistrurus </i>is not monophyletic and rendered <i>Crotalus </i>paraphyletic. Parkinson (1999) found <i>Sistrurus </i>monophyletic but its position rendered <i>Crotalus </i>paraphyletic. Knight et al. (1993) used mtDNA to defend the traditional generic taxonomy, but in order to do so ignored the most parsimonious tree. The genus <i>Crotalus </i>is monophyletic when including the Mexican <i>C. ravus</i> (Murphy et al. 2002), and is supported as such in most recent phylogenies, as well as being the sister taxon to a monophyletic <i>Sistrurus </i>(e.g., Pyron et al. 2013) (Crother 2017).<br /><br />Two geographically distinct venom types are produced by populations in Arizona; biochemical evidence indicates that there is high gene flow between the populations producing the different venom types and that they are conspecific (Wilkinson et al. 1991). Venom characteristics indicate hybridization between <i>C. scutulatus</i> and <i>C. viridis</i> in New Mexico (Glenn and Straight 1990).","roundedGRank":"G5","conservationStatusFactorsEditionDate":"2006-08-29","conservationStatusFactorsEditionAuthors":"Hammerson, G.","primaryCommonNameLanguage":"EN","recordType":"SPECIES","elementNationals":[{"elementNationalId":164886,"classifConfidence":null,"nation":{"id":225,"nameEn":"United States","nameEs":"Estados Unidos","nameFr":"États-Unis","isoCode":"US","region":"United States"},"roundedNRank":"N5","elementSubnationals":[{"elementSubnationalId":303171,"subnation":{"id":52,"nameEn":"Utah","nameEs":"Utah","nameFr":"Utah","subnationCode":"UT","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S2","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S2","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":303171,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":355378,"subnation":{"id":7,"nameEn":"California","nameEs":"California","nameFr":"Californie","subnationCode":"CA","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"SNR","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"SNR","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":355378,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":284808,"subnation":{"id":39,"nameEn":"New Mexico","nameEs":"Nuevo México","nameFr":"Nouveau-Mexique","subnationCode":"NM","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S3","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S3","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":284808,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":362533,"subnation":{"id":51,"nameEn":"Texas","nameEs":"Texas","nameFr":"Texas","subnationCode":"TX","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S4","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S4","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":362533,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":333000,"subnation":{"id":40,"nameEn":"Nevada","nameEs":"Nevada","nameFr":"Nevada","subnationCode":"NV","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S4","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S4","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":333000,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":407740,"subnation":{"id":6,"nameEn":"Arizona","nameEs":"Arizona","nameFr":"Arizona","subnationCode":"AZ","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S5","dataSensitive":{"id":1,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"Yes","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"Y"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S5","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":407740,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}}],"nrankReviewYear":2006,"nrank":"N5","speciesNational":{"elementNationalId":164886,"exotic":false,"native":true}}],"lastModified":"2026-10-02T21:32:26.810976Z","lastPublished":"2026-10-02T21:32:08.892226Z","promotionalDescription":null,"conceptLineageSummary":null,"nsxUrl":"/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.100052/Crotalus_scutulatus","grankAdjustmentReasons":null,"grankChangeDate":"1996-10-31","grankReviewDate":"2006-08-29","grankReasons":null,"grank":"G5","rankInfo":{"elementGlobalId":100052,"aooPercentGood":null,"enviromentalSpecificity":null,"intrinsicVulnerability":null,"longTermTrend":{"id":38,"longTermTrendDescEn":"Decline of <30% to increase of 25%","longTermTrendDescEs":"Disminución de <30% a aumento de 25%.","longTermTrendDescFr":"Diminution de <30 % à augmentation de 25 %"},"numberEos":{"id":14,"numberEosDescEn":"81 to >300","numberEosDescEs":"De 81 a >300","numberEosDescFr":"De 81 à >300"},"numberGoodEos":null,"numberProtEos":null,"popSize":{"id":34,"popSizeDescEn":"100,000 - 1,000,000 individuals","popSizeDescEs":"De 100.000 a 1.000.000 de individuos","popSizeDescFr":"De 100 000 à 1 000 000 individus"},"rangeExtent":{"id":33,"rangeExtentDescEn":"200,000-2,500,000 square km (about 80,000-1,000,000 square miles)","rangeExtentDescEs":"200.000 a 2.500.000 kilómetros cuadrados (aproximadamente 80.000 a 1.000.000 millas cuadradas)","rangeExtentDescFr":"De 200 000 à 2 500 000 km carrés (de 80 000 à 1 000 000 miles carrés approximativement)"},"shortTermTrend":{"id":40,"shortTermTrendDescEn":"Relatively Stable (<=10% change)","shortTermTrendDescEs":"Relativamente estable (variación = <10%)","shortTermTrendDescFr":"Relativement stable (variation = <10 %)"},"threatImpactAssigned":{"id":10,"threatImpactAssignedDescEn":"Low","threatImpactAssignedDescEs":"Bajo","threatImpactAssignedDescFr":"Faible"},"rangeExtentComments":"The range extends from southern California, southern Nevada, and southwestern Utah south through Arizona (Lowe et al. 1986), southern New Mexico (Degenhardt et al. 1996), western Texas (Tennant 1984), and central Mexico to near the south end of the Mexican Plateau in Puebla and adjacent Veracruz (Stebbins 2003, Campbell and Lamar 2004). Elevational range extends from sea level to around 2,530 meters (8,300 feet) (Stebbins 2003); above 1,800 meters at the southern end of the range (Campbell and Lamar 2004).","areaOfOccupancy":null,"areaOfOccupancyComments":null,"numberEosComments":"This species is represented by a large number of occurrences (subpopulations). On a range-wide scale, Campbell and Lamar (2004) mapped hundreds of collection sites.","popSizeComments":"Adult population size is unknown but presumably exceeds 100,000. This snake is often locally common (Lowe et al. 1986).","viabilityComments":null,"threatImpactComments":"No major threats are known.","shortTermTrendComments":"Extent of occurrence, area of occupancy, number of subpopulations, and population size probably are relatively stable.","longTermTrendComments":null,"inventoryNeeds":null,"numberProtEosComments":"Many occurrences are in protected areas.","protectionNeeds":null,"otherConsiderations":null,"intrinsicVulnerabilityComments":null,"enviromentalSpecificityComments":null},"animalCharacteristics":{"elementGlobalId":100052,"majorHabitat":{"id":3,"majorHabitatDescEn":"Terrestrial","majorHabitatDescEs":"Terrestre","majorHabitatDescFr":"Terrestre"},"nonMigrant":false,"localMigrant":false,"longDistanceMigrant":false,"mobilityMigrationComments":null,"foodHabitsComments":"Eats kangaroo rats, ground squirrels, mice, rabbits, and other small mammals; lizards are also eaten, especially by the young (Tennant 1984). Sometimes eats snakes and spadefoot toads.","animalPhenologyComments":"Active almost exclusively at night in some areas, active in morning, late afternoon, and at night in other areas (Tennant 1984). At lower elevations, mainly nocturnal in summer, commonly active in morning and late afternoon in spring and fall; may be active in daytime in summer at higher elevations (Armstrong and Murphy 1979, Ernst 1992). <br><br>Has been observed above ground March-November; probably most active from late April or early May through September (Ernst 1992). In Chihuahua, most active in July-August, especially about a month after peak in rainfall (Reynolds, cited by Ernst 1992).","colonialBreeder":false,"length":130,"width":null,"weight":null,"animalPhenologies":[{"animalCagPhenologyId":100578,"animalPhenology":{"id":1,"animalPhenologyDescEn":"Hibernates/aestivates","animalPhenologyDescEs":"Hibernación/Estivación","animalPhenologyDescFr":"Hiberne/estive","displayOrder":1},"adult":true,"immature":true},{"animalCagPhenologyId":100579,"animalPhenology":{"id":3,"animalPhenologyDescEn":"Diurnal","animalPhenologyDescEs":"Diurno","animalPhenologyDescFr":"Diurne","displayOrder":3},"adult":true,"immature":true},{"animalCagPhenologyId":100580,"animalPhenology":{"id":4,"animalPhenologyDescEn":"Nocturnal","animalPhenologyDescEs":"Nocturno","animalPhenologyDescFr":"Nocturne","displayOrder":4},"adult":true,"immature":true},{"animalCagPhenologyId":100581,"animalPhenology":{"id":5,"animalPhenologyDescEn":"Crepuscular","animalPhenologyDescEs":"Crepuscular","animalPhenologyDescFr":"Crépusculaire","displayOrder":5},"adult":true,"immature":true}],"animalFoodHabits":[{"animalCagFoodHabitsId":101218,"foodHabits":{"id":1,"foodHabitsDescEn":"Carnivore","foodHabitsDescEs":"Carnívoro","foodHabitsDescFr":"Carnivore","displayOrder":1},"adult":true,"immature":true}]},"occurrenceDelineations":[{"eoSpecsDetailId":1393,"locationUseClass":{"id":1,"locationUseClassDescEn":"Not applicable","locationUseClassDescEs":"No se aplica","locationUseClassDescFr":"Sans objet","displayOrder":1},"eoSpecGroupName":null,"subtypes":null,"inferredExtentDistance":2.0,"inferredExtentNotes":"Based on movements of snakes of this size, suitable habitat within 2 km of a point location is likely to be occupied.","minimumEoCriteria":"Occurrences are based on evidence of historical presence, or current and likely recurring presence, at a given location. Such evidence minimally includes collection or reliable observation and documentation of one or more individuals in or near appropriate habitat where the species is presumed to be established and  breeding.","mappingGuidance":null,"separationBarriers":"Busy highway or highway with obstructions such that snakes rarely if ever cross successfully; major river with consistently fast flow; densely urbanized area dominated by buildings and pavement.","separationDistanceUnsuitableHabitatat":1.0,"separationDistanceSuitableHabitatat":5.0,"altSeparationProcedure":null,"separationJustification":"No movement data are available. It seems unlikely that locations separated by a gap of less than several kilometers of suitable habitat would represent independent occurrences over the long term.<br>","versionDate":"2004-09-10","versionAuthor":"Hammerson, G.","versionNotes":null,"lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:11:51.303794Z"}],"plantCharacteristics":null,"elementManagement":{"elementGlobalId":100052,"eoManagementGroupName":null,"stewardshipOverview":null,"impacts":null,"restorationPotential":null,"siteConservationPlansConsidered":null,"managementMethods":null,"monitoringMethods":null,"managementProgramContacts":null,"monitoringProgramContacts":null,"managementResearchPrograms":null,"managementResearchNeeds":null,"biologicalResearchNeeds":null,"additionalTopics":null},"occurrenceViabilities":[{"eoRankSpecsDetailId":101646,"eoRankSpecsGroupName":null,"locationUseClass":{"id":1,"locationUseClassDescEn":"Not applicable","locationUseClassDescEs":"No se aplica","locationUseClassDescFr":"Sans objet","displayOrder":1},"excellentViability":null,"goodViability":null,"fairViability":null,"poorViability":null,"viabilityJustification":"Use the Generic Guidelines for the Application of Occurrence Ranks (2008).<br>The Key for Ranking Species Occurrences Using the Generic Approach provides a step-wise process for implementing this method.","versionDate":null,"versionAuthor":null,"versionNotes":null,"lastModified":"2020-05-14T02:14:35.014685Z"}],"references":[{"id":101514,"citation":"Armstrong, B. 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Biology of the pit vipers. Selva, Tyler, Texas.","shortCitationAuthor":"Campbell and Brodie","shortCitationYear":1992,"referenceCode":"B92CAM01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:11:51.08501Z"},{"id":130385,"citation":"Campbell, J. A., and W. W. Lamar. 1989. The venomous reptiles of Latin America. Comstock Publ. Associates, Division of Cornell Univ. Press, Ithaca, New York. xii + 425 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Campbell and Lamar","shortCitationYear":1989,"referenceCode":"B89CAM01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:11:51.08501Z"},{"id":381359,"citation":"Campbell, J. A., and W. W. Lamar. 2004. The venomous reptiles of the Western Hemisphere. 2 volumes. Cornell University Press.","shortCitationAuthor":"Campbell and Lamar","shortCitationYear":2004,"referenceCode":"B04CAM01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:11:51.08501Z"},{"id":137880,"citation":"Collins, J. T. 1990. Standard common and current scientific names for North American amphibians and reptiles. 3rd ed. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles. Herpetological Circular No. 19. 41 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Collins","shortCitationYear":1990,"referenceCode":"B90COL01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:38:15.579798Z"},{"id":104608,"citation":"Conant, R. and J. T. Collins. 1991. A field guide to reptiles and amphibians: eastern and central North America. Third edition. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston, Massachusetts. 450 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Conant and Collins","shortCitationYear":1991,"referenceCode":"B91CON01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:11:51.303794Z"},{"id":722484,"citation":"Crother, B. I. (editor). 2012. Scientific and standard English names of amphibians and reptiles of North America north of Mexico, with comments regarding confidence in our understanding. 7th edition. 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Texas Monthly Press, Austin, Texas. 561 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Tennant","shortCitationYear":1984,"referenceCode":"B84TEN01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:11:51.303794Z"},{"id":155257,"citation":"Werler, J. E., and J. R. Dixon. 2000. Texas snakes: identification, distribution, and natural history. University of Texas Press, Austin. xv + 437 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Werler and Dixon","shortCitationYear":2000,"referenceCode":"B00WER01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:11:51.303794Z"},{"id":153803,"citation":"Wilkinson, J. A., et al. 1991. Distribution and genetic variation in venom A and B populations of the Mojave rattlesnake (<i>Crotalus scutulatus</i> <i>scutulatus</i>) in Arizona. Herpetologica 47:54-68.","shortCitationAuthor":"Wilkinson et al.","shortCitationYear":1991,"referenceCode":"A91WIL02NAUS","lastModified":"2020-11-11T02:01:29.480129Z"}],"otherCommonNames":[{"id":151627,"name":"Mojave rattlesnake","language":"EN"},{"id":119244,"name":"Mojave Rattlesnake","language":"EN"}],"speciesGlobal":{"elementGlobalId":100052,"cites":null,"cosewic":null,"fwsRegion":null,"genusSize":{"id":4,"genusSizeDescEn":"Medium to large genus","genusSizeDescEs":"Género de mediano a grande","genusSizeDescFr":"Moyen à grand genre"},"jurisEndem":{"id":5,"jurisEndemDescEn":"occurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations","jurisEndemDescEs":"Se encuentra en varias naciones (de manera regular, como un taxón nativo)","jurisEndemDescFr":"Se trouve dans plusieurs nations (de façon régulière, tel un taxon indigène)"},"nomenclaturallyEst":null,"usesa":null,"informalTaxonomy":{"informalTaxonomyId":7,"level1":"Animals","level2":"Vertebrates","level3":"Reptiles","level":3,"hasChildren":false,"parentId":2,"distributionStatus":"complete","displayOrder":1100},"parentSpecies":null,"infraspecies":false,"kingdom":"Animalia","phylum":"Craniata","taxclass":"Reptilia","taxorder":"Squamata","family":"Viperidae","genus":"Crotalus","americanFisheriesStatus":null,"americanFisheriesStatusDate":null,"saraStatus":null,"saraStatusDate":null,"cosewicDate":null,"interpretedCosewic":null,"cosewicComments":null,"usesaDate":null,"interpretedUsesa":null,"usesaComments":null,"completeDistribution":true,"synonyms":[],"infraspeciesList":[{"infraspeciesId":103083,"uniqueId":"ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.103083","formattedScientificName":"<i>Crotalus scutulatus scutulatus</i>","scientificName":"Crotalus scutulatus scutulatus","primaryCommonName":"Northern Mohave Rattlesnake","nsxUrl":"/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.103083/Crotalus_scutulatus_scutulatus"}],"ebarId":null,"ebarCanadianScope":false,"ebarGlobalScope":false,"ebarKbaGroup":"Amphibians and Reptiles","caGeneralStatusId":null},"speciesCharacteristics":{"elementGlobalId":100052,"reproductionComments":"Young are born mainly July-August (often mid-August), sometimes in September. Litter size ranges up to 17 (Herp. Rev. 21:93), average around 8.","ecologyComments":null,"habitatComments":"Habitat is mostly upland desert and lower mountain slopes, including barren desert, grassland, open woodland, and scrubland; in the United States, vegetation in most occupied areas includes creosotebush, palo verde, mesquite, or cacti (Ernst 1992, Ernst and Ernst 2003, Stebbins 2003, Campbell and Lamar 2004). This snake usually is not in broken rocky terrain or densely vegetated areas. In southeastern Arizona, it is more numerous in semidesert grassland than in desert scrub (Mendelson and Jennings 1992). In southern Arizona and adjacent Mexico, it is very common in prairie valleys between forested mountain ranges (Armstrong and Murphy 1979). In the southern part of the range in Mexico, it occurs in open high interior plains, mesquite-grassland, pine-oak, and lava beds with cactus, agave, and grasses (Armstrong and Murphy 1979). In spring, this snake commonly coils under a small tree or shrub in early morning (Armstrong and Murphy 1979). Refuges include animal burrows, spaces under or among rocks, or similar sites.","generalDescription":null,"diagnosticCharacteristics":null,"speciesMarineHabitats":[],"speciesTerrestrialHabitats":[{"cagTerrHabId":-104217,"terrestrialHabitat":{"id":4,"terrestrialHabitatDescEn":"Woodland - Hardwood","terrestrialHabitatDescEs":"Lote de madera - Madera dura","terrestrialHabitatDescFr":"Terrain boisé — Feuillu","displayOrder":6}},{"cagTerrHabId":-104218,"terrestrialHabitat":{"id":5,"terrestrialHabitatDescEn":"Woodland - Conifer","terrestrialHabitatDescEs":"Lote de madera - Conífera","terrestrialHabitatDescFr":"Terrain boisé — Résineux","displayOrder":7}},{"cagTerrHabId":-104219,"terrestrialHabitat":{"id":6,"terrestrialHabitatDescEn":"Woodland - Mixed","terrestrialHabitatDescEs":"Lote de madera - Mixto","terrestrialHabitatDescFr":"Terrain boisé — Mixte","displayOrder":8}},{"cagTerrHabId":-104214,"terrestrialHabitat":{"id":7,"terrestrialHabitatDescEn":"Shrubland/chaparral","terrestrialHabitatDescEs":"Matorral/Chaparral","terrestrialHabitatDescFr":"Fruticée/Chaparral","displayOrder":9}},{"cagTerrHabId":-104215,"terrestrialHabitat":{"id":9,"terrestrialHabitatDescEn":"Grassland/herbaceous","terrestrialHabitatDescEs":"Pastizales/cobertura herbácea","terrestrialHabitatDescFr":"Prairie/couverture herbacée","displayOrder":11}},{"cagTerrHabId":-104216,"terrestrialHabitat":{"id":11,"terrestrialHabitatDescEn":"Desert","terrestrialHabitatDescEs":"Desierto","terrestrialHabitatDescFr":"Désert","displayOrder":13}}],"speciesRiverineHabitats":[],"speciesPalustrineHabitats":[],"speciesLacustrineHabitats":[],"speciesSubterraneanHabitats":[],"speciesEstuarineHabitats":[]},"primaryReference":{"id":943912,"citation":"Crother, B. I. (editor). 2017. Scientific and standard English names of amphibians and reptiles of North America north of Mexico, with comments regarding confidence in our understanding. 8th edition. SSAR Herpetological Circular 43:1-104. [Updates in SSAR North American Species Names Database at: https://ssarherps.org/cndb]","shortCitationAuthor":"Crother","shortCitationYear":2017,"referenceCode":"B17CRO01EHUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:11:53.413199Z"},"predecessors":[],"elementGlobalThreatAssessments":[]}