Comprehensive Report Species - Cascadoperla trictura

Concept Reference: Stark, B.P. 1996. Last updated 16 February 2001. North American Stonefly List. Online. Available: http://www.mc.edu/campus/users/stark/Sfly0102.htm.
Concept Reference Code: N96STA01EHUS
Name Used in Concept Reference: Cascadoperla trictura

NatureServe Status

Global Status: G3G4
Global Status Last Reviewed: 19Feb2008
Global Status Last Changed: 20Sep1999
Rounded Global Status: G3 - Vulnerable
Reasons: A species distributed throughout the Coastal and Cascade Mountain ranges of the Pacific Coast of North America (California, Oregon, Washington, British Columbia), but also the Rocky Mountains of Idaho and Montana.
Nation: United States
National Status: N3N4 (14Oct2004)
Nation: Canada
National Status: NNR (28Apr2017)

U.S. & Canada State/Province Status Due to latency between updates made in state, provincial or other NatureServe Network databases and when they appear on NatureServe Explorer, for state or provincial information you may wish to contact the data steward in your jurisdiction to obtain the most current data. Please refer to our Distribution Data Sources to find contact information for your jurisdiction.
United States	Alaska (SNA), California (SNR), Idaho (S1), Montana (SNR), Oregon (SNR), Washington (SNR)
Canada	British Columbia (SNR)

Other Statuses

NatureServe Global Conservation Status Factors

Range Extent: 20,000-200,000 square km (about 8000-80,000 square miles)
Range Extent Comments: Distribution includes British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, California, Idaho, and Montana in the Coast, Cascade and northern Rocky Mountains (Stewart and Oswood, 2006). Idaho and Montana populations are disjunct.

Number of Occurrences:
Number of Occurrences Comments: Gaufin et al. (1972) cite Montana distribution as Ravalli Co. (Bitterroot River and Blodgett Creek). In Idaho, it is known from one site: Coeur d'Alene River, Kingston, Shoshone Co. In Montana, it is known from one stream in 2 collections, Ninemile Creek, Missoula Co. (Stagliano et al., 2007). In California, Jewett (1960) cited Oakhurst, Marin, Mariposa, and Shasta Cos. Stewart and Oswood (2006) include new uncofirmed records from British Columbia (Mansfield Creek) and Alaska (Liberty Creek, North Fork Chena River, West Fork Chena River).

Overall Threat Impact Comments: Specific threats to MT/ID populations of C. trictura have not been identified. In general, stonefl y populations are affected by changes to aquatic habitat such as alteration of flow patterns, streambed substrate, thermal characteristics, and water quality. Alteration and degradation of aquatic habitat is the primary concern for Idaho populations (Stagliano et al., 2007).

Other NatureServe Conservation Status Information

Global Range: (20,000-200,000 square km (about 8000-80,000 square miles)) Distribution includes British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, California, Idaho, and Montana in the Coast, Cascade and northern Rocky Mountains (Stewart and Oswood, 2006). Idaho and Montana populations are disjunct.

U.S. States and Canadian Provinces

Due to latency between updates made in state, provincial or other NatureServe Network databases and when they appear on NatureServe Explorer, for state or provincial information you may wish to contact the data steward in your jurisdiction to obtain the most current data. Please refer to our Distribution Data Sources to find contact information for your jurisdiction.

Endemism: occurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations

U.S. & Canada State/Province Distribution
United States	AK, CA, ID, MT, OR, WA
Canada	BC

Range Map
No map available.

U.S. Distribution by County
State	County Name (FIPS Code)
ID	Shoshone (16079)*

* Extirpated/possibly extirpated

U.S. Distribution by Watershed
Watershed Region	Watershed Name (Watershed Code)
17	Coeur D'alene Lake (17010303)+*

+ Natural heritage record(s) exist for this watershed
* Extirpated/possibly extirpated

Basic Description: a stonefly
Reproduction Comments: Adults emerge in April to July (Gaufin et al., 1972).
Habitat Type: Freshwater
Non-Migrant: N
Locally Migrant: N
Long Distance Migrant: N
Riverine Habitat(s): CREEK, MEDIUM RIVER
Special Habitat Factors: Benthic
Habitat Comments: It is found in creeks and rivers (Baumann et al., 1977).

Group Name: Stoneflies

Use Class: Not applicable
Minimum Criteria for an Occurrence: Occurrences are based on some evidence of historical presence or current presence of single or multiple specimens (including nymphs or adults) at a given location with potentially recurring existence. Evidence is derived from reliable published observation or collection data; unpublished, though documented (i.e. government or agency reports, web sites, etc.) observation or collection data; or museum specimen information. A photograph may be accepted as documentation of an element occurrence for adults only (nymphs and subimagos are too difficult to identify in this manner) provided that the photograph shows diagnostic features that clearly delineate the species from other species with similar features. Sight records, though valuable, should not be accepted as the basis for element occurrences. Instead, such records should be utilized to further study an area to verify the element occurrence in that area.
Separation Barriers: Within catchments there are likely no significant barriers to movement of adults between microhabitats, with even extensive sections of inappropriate waterway or major obstructions to flow being readily traversed by adults during dispersal following emergence.
Separation Distance for Unsuitable Habitat: 3 km
Separation Distance for Suitable Habitat: 3 km
Alternate Separation Procedure: None
Separation Justification: Stoneflies (Order Plecoptera) are a relatively small insect order with an immature larval stage that is entirely aquatic in North America. Nymphs of most genera occur in cold lotic habitats, with several occurring in warm lotic systems, comparatively few in cold lentic habitats, and none in warm lentic habitats (Baumann, 1979). Dispersal is primarily accomplished stochastically by nymphs and actively by winged adults; although the adult of Capnia lacustra Jewett, 1965, is entirely aquatic (Jewett, 1962) and Capnura fibula (Claassen, 1924), and Allocapnia vivipara (Claassen, 1924) are apparently wingless (Jewett, 1960). Numbers of described North American species (in nine families) have steadily grown from 350 (Jewett, 1960) to 537 (Stark et al., 1986) to 550 (Stewart and Stark, 1993) to 575 (DeWalt and Stewart, 1995) and most recently 614 (Stark et al., 1998).

Separation distances (unsuitable and suitable) have been set at three km based upon several life history characteristics that limit occurrences to the area of emergence, among them: (1) most stoneflies require some form of moving water for development of nymphs (Hynes in Stark and Armitage, 2000; Jewett, 1960); (2) although some species occur in cool lentic habitats, no stonefly genera occur in warm lentic habitats and most cool lentic taxa live along active, wave-swept areas of shorelines (Hynes in Stark and Armitage, 2000; Stark et al., 1996); (3) although drift does occur for some species, drft tendency is low for stoneflies (Stewart and Szczytko, 1983); (4) stonefly adults generally remain in the area (within m) of larval emergence and mate on nearby solid substratum (Brittain, 1990; Bubb et al., 2004; Cummins and Merritt, 1996); (5) the known life cycle of North American stoneflies is either univoltine (one year) or semivoltine (two or three years) (Hynes in Stark and Armitage, 2000; Stewart and Ricker, 1997; Stewart and Stark, 1993); (6) flying ability (particularly for adult females) is not strong with dispersal rarely exceeding a few km (Malmqvist, 2000) wherein, according to Stewart and Stark (1993), "most students of plecopteran biogeography have emphasized low vagility of adult stoneflies and the necessity for former land bridges or vicariant events to account for range disjunctions"; (7) recently, limited wind-driven dispersal of adults between tributaries has been demonstrated wherein Bubb et al. (2004) showed that between 0.1% and 0.2% of a population of Leuctra inermis moved a distance of 1 km while a very small percentage of a population of Peltoperla tarteri demonstrated genetic flow over 0.5 to 2.0 km (Schultheis et al., 2002).
Date: 18Oct2004
Author: Cordeiro, J.

Justification: Use the Generic Guidelines for the Application of Occurrence Ranks (2008).
The Key for Ranking Species Occurrences Using the Generic Approach provides a step-wise process for implementing this method.
Key for Ranking Species Element Occurrences Using the Generic Approach (2008).

NatureServe Conservation Status Factors Edition Date: 19Feb2008
NatureServe Conservation Status Factors Author: Cordeiro, J. (2008); Kondratieff, B. (1999)
Element Ecology & Life History Edition Date: 19Feb2008
Element Ecology & Life History Author(s): Cordeiro, J.

Zoological data developed by NatureServe and its network of natural heritage programs (see Local Programs) and other contributors and cooperators (see Sources).

Baumann, R. W., A. R. Gaufin, and R. F. Surdick. 1977. The stoneflies (Plecoptera) of the Rocky Mountains. Memoirs of the American Entomological Society 31: 1-207.

Gaufin, A.R., E.R. Ricker, M. Miner, P. Milam, and R.A. Hays. 1972. The stoneflies (Plecoptera) of Montana. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 98(1):1-161.

Jewett, S.G., Jr. 1960. The stoneflies (Plecoptera) of California. Bulletin of the California Insect Survey 6(6):125-177.

Stagliano, D.M., G.M. Stephens, and W.R. Bosworth. 2007. Aquatic invertebrate species of concern on USFS Northern Region lands. Report prepared for USDA Forest Service, Northern Region, Missoula, Montana. Montana Natural Heritage Program, Helena, Montana and Idaho Conservation Data Center, Boise, Idaho. Agreement number 05-CS-11015600-036. 95 pp. + app.

Stark, B. P., K. W. Stewart, S. W. Szczytko, R. W. Baumann, and B. C. Kondratieff. 2012. Scientific and common names of Nearctic stoneflies (Plecoptera), with corrections and additions to the list. The Caddis Press, Miscellaneous Contribution No. 1. 20 pp.

Stark, B.P. 1996. Last updated 16 February 2001. North American Stonefly List. Online. Available: http://www.mc.edu/campus/users/stark/Sfly0102.htm.

Stewart, K.W. and M.W. Oswood. 2006. The Stoneflies (Plecoptera) of Alaska and Western Canada. The Caddis Press: Columbus, Ohio. 325 pp.

Szczytko, S.W. and K.W. Stewart. 1979. The genus Isoperla (Plecoptera) of western North America; holomorphology and systematics, and a new stonefly genus Cascadoperla. Memoirs of the American Entomological Society, 32: 1-120.

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Kingdom	Phylum	Class	Order	Family	Genus
Animalia	Mandibulata	Insecta	Plecoptera	Perlodidae	Cascadoperla


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